The Israel-Hamas conflict, which took place over 60 days, led to a significant increase in carbon emissions, estimated at 281,315 metric tons of CO2 equivalent (mtCO2e). This is an alarming figure as it parallels the yearly emissions of 20 countries and territories. The war’s carbon emissions, which include those from rockets, bombs, artillery, and supply flights, equate to the output of 75 coal-fired power plants running for a year, which is a significant environmental impact.

When factoring in the war infrastructure developed by both Israel and Hamas, the total emissions reach a staggering 450,000 mtCO2e. This figure surpasses the annual emissions of over 33 countries and territories, underlining the magnitude of the environmental impact caused by the conflict.

Moreover, the reconstruction of Gaza, which was severely affected during the war, could have a significant carbon cost. The potential annual emissions from the reconstruction efforts could surpass those of over 130 countries, equating to that of New Zealand, a developed country known for its commitment to sustainability.

There are growing demands globally for the inclusion of military emissions in international reporting. This is because military emissions account for an estimated 5.5% of global emissions, a non-negligible figure that needs to be properly accounted for and addressed.

The first two months of the Gaza war resulted in emissions surpassing the annual CO2 output of over 20 climate-vulnerable nations. This was largely due to Israel’s aerial bombardments and ground invasions, which not only led to an increase in emissions but also had devastating human costs.

The conflict resulted in the displacement of about 85% of the Gaza population, leading to severe food and water shortages. Moreover, nearly 23,000 Palestinians lost their lives due to the conflict.

In addition to the human cost, the rebuilding of Gaza’s 100,000 damaged buildings could generate at least 30 million metric tones of greenhouse gases. This is equivalent to New Zealand’s annual CO2 emissions, highlighting the long-term environmental impact of the conflict.

The Israel-Hamas conflict had a significant environmental impact, leading to a significant increase in carbon emissions. This underscores the urgent need for the inclusion of military emissions in international reporting and for increased efforts to decrease the environmental impact of conflicts.

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